URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND THEIR PREVENTION: ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY AND NOVEL APPROACHES

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, causing significant morbidity and healthcare burden. This prospective study evaluated 120 patients aged 18–70 years diagnosed with UTIs at the Urology Department of [Hospital/Institute Name] between January 2022 and June 2025. Clinical evaluation included detailed patient history and physical examination. Laboratory investigations comprised urinalysis, urine culture, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Preventive strategies included patient education, behavioral modifications, and non-antibiotic interventions such as cranberry extract, D-mannose, and probiotics in patients with recurrent infections. Escherichia coli was identified as the predominant pathogen (68%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (12%) and Proteus spp. (8%). Nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin demonstrated high efficacy, while resistance to fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was observed in 25–30% of isolates. Non-antibiotic prophylaxis reduced recurrence in 70% of recurrent UTI cases. The results highlight the importance of integrating clinical evaluation, microbiological testing, and preventive strategies for effective UTI management and recurrence reduction.