GRAMMATICAL MEANS OF POLITENESS: A COMPARISON OF KOREAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/Keywords:
Politeness, Korean, Uzbek, Grammar, Honorifics, Verb Endings, Pronouns, Syntax, Pragmatics, Social Distance, Deference, Respect, Comparative Linguistics, Cross-cultural Communication, Linguistic PolitenessAbstract
This article investigates the grammatical strategies employed to express politeness in Korean and Uzbek, two languages belonging to distinct typological families. It examines how grammatical features, such as honorifics, verb endings, pronouns, and sentence structures, are utilized to convey deference, respect, and social distance. The analysis compares and contrasts the specific grammatical devices used in each language to encode politeness, exploring the influence of cultural norms and social hierarchies on linguistic expression. Furthermore, the paper investigates the interplay between grammar and pragmatics in the realization of politeness, considering how contextual factors and speaker intentions interact with grammatical forms to create nuanced expressions of social meaning. By highlighting the similarities and differences in the grammatical encoding of politeness in Korean and Uzbek, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of cross-linguistic variation and universals in the expression of social relationships through language.
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References
1. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press. pp. 56-90.
2.Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness: Using language to cause offence. Cambridge University Press. pp. 112-145.
3.Kwon, S.-O. (2003). Korean honorifics and politeness. Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 45-67.
4.O'Neill, S. (2016). Uzbek language: A cultural profile. Defense Language Institute. pp. 23-35.
5.Watts, R. J. (2003). Politeness. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78-100.
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