ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF UZBEKISTAN’S GREEN TAXATION POLICIES: A STATISTICAL STUDY OF CARBON & POLLUTION INDICATORS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/Keywords:
Green taxation; carbon pricing; environmental policy; CO₂ emissions; air pollution; PM2.5; sectoral analysis; sustainability; Uzbekistan; industrial emissions; pollution reduction; environmental economics; fiscal reform; clean technology.Abstract
This study examines the effectiveness of Uzbekistan’s green taxation policies in reducing carbon emissions and air pollutants across major economic sectors. The study evaluates the environmental impact of carbon pricing mechanisms and related fiscal reforms by utilizing sector-level energy consumption indicators and 10-year statistical data on CO2, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx emissions (2013–2023). Green taxes have resulted in significant emission reductions in the manufacturing and energy sectors, according to regression analysis, while the transportation sector has shown little response. Time-series modeling further reveals that policy effects materialize gradually, becoming more pronounced 2–3 years after implementation. According to correlation analysis, there is a moderate to strong negative relationship between tax intensity and pollutant levels, indicating that greater environmental improvements are associated with higher taxation. The findings highlight that Uzbekistan’s green taxation framework has produced measurable environmental benefits but requires complementary measures—such as clean-technology incentives, transport-sector reforms, and improved monitoring—to achieve broader sustainability goals. By providing one of the first statistical assessments of environmental tax effectiveness in Uzbekistan, this study adds to the empirical literature and offers practical suggestions for strengthening green fiscal policy.
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