IMPROVING THE EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH MESIAL OCCLUSION

Abstract

 This article is devoted to improving the clinical examination of patients with mesial occlusion and to the early diagnosis of this pathology. Mesial occlusion is considered one of the most complex sagittal anomalies in orthodontic practice and develops as a result of excessive mandibular growth or insufficient maxillary development. The main aim of the study was to identify early clinical, morphological, and functional signs of mesial occlusion and to evaluate their diagnostic significance. The study comprehensively examined mandibular prognathism, maxillary retrusion, anterior crossbite, formation of a concave facial profile, and changes in the proportions of the lower facial third. In addition, the functional condition of masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint status, and disorders of breathing and swallowing were analyzed. The obtained results demonstrated that, along with hereditary factors, functional disturbances also play an important role in the development of mesial occlusion. Mandibular protrusion, retrusion of the upper incisors, and protrusion of the lower incisors were identified as the earliest diagnostic signs of the pathology. As a result of the study, a comprehensive diagnostic approach was developed that allows identification of mesial occlusion before its pronounced clinical manifestation. The proposed method contributes to improving the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment, reducing the risk of secondary dentofacial deformities, and preventing functional and aesthetic disorders in children.