ANATOMICAL BASIS OF CEREBRAL CIRCULATION AND MECHANISMS OF STROKE DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Cerebral circulation plays a fundamental role in maintaining normal brain function by ensuring a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients. Disruptions in cerebral blood flow lead to severe neurological consequences, among which stroke remains one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. This article aims to analyze the anatomical structure of cerebral circulation and its clinical significance in the development of stroke. The study is based on a comprehensive review of anatomical, physiological, and clinical literature. Particular attention is given to the arterial supply of the brain, the circle of Willis, and venous drainage, as well as the mechanisms underlying ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The findings indicate that anatomical variations and vascular pathologies significantly influence stroke risk and progression. Understanding these relationships is essential for early diagnosis, prevention, and effective treatment strategies.