INSULIN RESISTANCE: CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Abstract

Insulin resistance is one of the most important metabolic disorders in modern medicine and plays a significant role in the development of several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. This condition is characterized by a decreased sensitivity of body tissues to the hormone insulin, resulting in impaired glucose uptake by cells and elevated blood glucose levels. Over time, the pancreas compensates by producing more insulin, leading to hyperinsulinemia and further metabolic disturbances. The development of insulin resistance is influenced by multiple factors such as genetic predisposition, sedentary lifestyle, excessive caloric intake, obesity, and hormonal imbalance. Clinical manifestations often develop gradually and may remain undetected for long periods, which increases the risk of complications. This article analyzes the main causes, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and preventive measures of insulin resistance based on current scientific literature. Particular attention is given to lifestyle modification, dietary regulation, physical activity, and pharmacological treatment as key elements in the management of this condition. Understanding the mechanisms and risk factors associated with insulin resistance is essential for early detection and prevention of metabolic disorders.