AI-DESIGNED THERAPIES AND NON-DOPAMINERGIC APPROACHES IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, α-synuclein aggregation, and widespread non-motor dysfunction. While dopaminergic medications remain the cornerstone of symptomatic treatment, long-term use leads to complications including dyskinesias and motor fluctuations. Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence have enabled the design of novel therapeutic molecules, optimized neuromodulation protocols, and individualized treatment pathways. In parallel, non‑dopaminergic strategies—targeting glutamatergic, cholinergic, adenosinergic, serotonergic, and neuroinflammatory systems—have demonstrated growing therapeutic promise. This article synthesizes the most recent advances in AI-driven therapeutics and explores emerging non-dopaminergic modalities that aim to modify disease progression and improve patient outcomes.