INNOVATIONS IN UROLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY: FROM TRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO ROBOTICS
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Abstract
Reconstructive urological surgery plays a vital role in restoring both form and function of the urinary tract in patients with congenital anomalies, trauma, malignancy, or iatrogenic injury. Over the past two decades, significant advances in surgical techniques, biomaterials, and minimally invasive approaches have improved functional outcomes and reduced complications. This article reviews the current landscape of reconstructive urology, with emphasis on urethral reconstruction, bladder augmentation, ureteral reimplantation, and genital reconstructive procedures. Future perspectives, including tissue engineering and robotic-assisted reconstruction, are also discussed.
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